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Effective plates number (real efficiency)

In order to compare the performances of columns of different design for a given compound – or to compare, in gas chromatography, the performances between a capillary column and a packed column – more realistic values are obtained by replacing the total retention time t
, which appears in expressions 1.8–1.10, by the adjusted retention time t RRR
which does not take into account the hold-up time t
spent by any compound in the mobile phase t R=tR−t The three preceding expressions become:

Effective plates number (real efficiency)Effective plates number (real efficiency)
Currently it is considered that these three expressions are not very useful.